Definability and Computability

Effectively closed sets of reals are also called \Pi^0_1 classes.

\Pi^0_1 classes

Arithmetical complexity

In mathematical logic, the arithmetical hierarchy classifies certain sets based on the complexity of formulas that define them. Any set that receives a classification is called arithmetical.

Arithmetical hierarchy - wiki

Hyperarithmetical complexity

In computability theory, hyperarithmetic theory is a generalization of Turing computability. It has close connections with definability in second-order arithmetic and with weak systems of set theory such as Kripkeā€“Platek set theory. It is an important tool in effective descriptive set theory.

Hyperarithmetical theory -wiki

Analytical hierarchy

The analytical hierarchy is an extension of the arithmetical hierarchy. The analytical hierarchy of formulas includes formulas in the language of second-order arithmetic, which can have quantifiers over both the set of natural numbers

Analytical hierarchy - wiki

In the mathematical field of descriptive set theory, a subset A of a Polish space is projective if it is \Sigma^1_n for some n.

Projective hierarchy

Borel complexity

In mathematical logic, the Borel hierarchy is a stratification of the Borel algebra generated by the open subsets of a Polish space; elements of this algebra are called Borel sets. Each Borel set is assigned a unique countable ordinal number called the rank of the Borel set. The Borel hierarchy is of particular interest in descriptive set theory.

Borel hierarchy - wiki